THE ROLE OF BUSINESS PLANNING IN THE ORGANIZATION OF A LOGISTICS SYSTEM

Abstract

This study is aimed at comprehensively substantiating the role and functional significance of business planning as a basic tool for the formation and optimization of logistics systems in modern market conditions. The work aims to reveal the mechanisms for transforming the strategic goals of an enterprise into specific parameters of the functioning of supply chains, as well as to determine the impact of quality planning on the financial stability and competitiveness of newly created business entities. During the study, a set of scientific methods was used, in particular: system analysis to study the logistics structure as an integral object; the method of economic and statistical comparison to assess the cost structure in logistics; the method of matrix modeling in identifying risks and developing response strategies; the classification method in distributing business planning functions. The analytical approach allowed integrating financial indicators with operational processes of warehousing and transportation. It was established that business planning performs predictive, control and communicative functions, which is critically important for the survival of startups in the first three years of operation. It is proven that the business plan acts as a «roadmap» that allows you to choose the optimal management model (in-house logistics or 3PL operators), calculate the break-even point and minimize the costs of the «last mile». A detailed analysis of the components of logistics planning, including network configuration, procurement management, warehouse management and transport logistics, was carried out. The work highlighted the cost structure, where the dominant element is transportation (45-60%), which requires the priority implementation of TMS systems and KPI control. The «trade-off effect» was revealed, according to which attempts to reduce one type of cost in isolation can lead to an increase in other components of the system. Special attention is paid to digitalization and the use of «digital twins» for modeling crisis scenarios. A risk response matrix has been developed, which allows transforming the logistics system from «fragile» to «viable» by diversifying supply sources and implementing a «flexible inventory» strategy (Just-in-Case). Business planning is defined as the intellectual core of the logistics system organization, which ensures the transition from spontaneous management to a scientifically based strategy. Careful development of the logistics section of the business plan allows achieving a reduction in total costs by 10-15%, increasing the speed of asset turnover and ensuring a high level of customer service. It is substantiated that in the absence of preliminary planning, logistics operates in an irrational mode, which leads to loss of capital and market positions. An effective logistics model should be based on a balance between price and speed, which is achieved only through the integration of financial calculations with operational planning.